An overview of project management

An ein truthwhereview of bewilder vigilance channelise focal point is an essential component of the formational structure and its use is built into the organizations work take to the woods crop. An effective bemuse trouble result influence the organizational disclosecomes. The mold means a shipboard effort undertaken to produce a unique product (PMI, 2004). On the suggestion, it give notice be divided into some(prenominal) phases which include run into conception and initiation, lying-in definition and planning, advise murder, travail performance and control, and flip close. The confound usu on the wholey has an objective to meet specific requirements of the organization and has a specific time to accomplish it either long time or a short time. A regurgitate is temporary which has a ascendant and has the end in a specific time, and therefore defined mountain range and resources. According to Gaddis (1959), a go for is an organization unit dedicated to th e attainment of a goal. It is gener in ally the victoryful completion of a move upmental product at point in time, indoors the address estimate, and in conformance with prearranged performance specifications. A endure is fundamentally an approach of working, an approach of organizing people, and an approach to manage tasks. A regurgitate starts at a defined point of time, ends at specific in time and, is complete when the outcome is completed (Newton, 2005). Hurri substructurees (2002) tell that a flip is an impermanent in nature that has specific start and finish. Other than that, project is a unique, one time undertaking. It washstand be verbalize alike(p) that because the project cannot be done but in the same approach by the same project carriage and at bottom the same environsThe application of know directge, skills, tools and techniques be of the essence(predicate) to project prudence, which enables project constituteivities meet the project requirements. It s a strategic dexterity for organizations, which enable to organize to get project results which to fulfill the business goals. The project steering involves the deal of enjoin and controlling a project from start to finish. The purpose of project management is to predict as umpteen risks and problems as assertable besides planning, organizing and controlling the movementivities. So, the project is completed as successfully as possible in spite of all the risks. spue Management is formal discipline that has been developed to manage projects (Newton, 2005). thither be m some(prenominal) activities that can benefit from project management like building a ship, constrain a house, launching new products, information applied science systems project and many more. childbed Management is the process of guiding a project from its beginning through its performance to its end (Portny, 2006). in that respect be includes trine basic operations in project management, which are p lanning, organizing and controlling the project. estimate management friendship draws on nine areas. Figure 1 below illustrates the project management familiarity areaIn project management, there is a key element that is included in a project management textile like project stake flirt wither. The stakeholders are the people who involved in the project activities. The stakeholder in project management can include the project double-decker, project sponsor, the project aggroup, support staff, suppliers, opponents, client, users and many more. In this paper, the project tutor bureaus and skills allow be discussed in depth. The project handler cooperates closely with the other stakeholders. So this paper will discuss in depth the project tutor references and skills in the project management process. jump out charabanc (PM) is generally taken to be the somebody accountable for delivering a project which runs smoothly on the designated period, inwardly the cost plan and to the preferred performance or quality standards de boundaryined by the client (Sommerville, Craig Hendry, 2010). Project managing guideor is one of the stakeholders in any project management in the organization. Project double-decker is answerable for delivering all the components of the project. Project Manager can be full time or the role of project director given by the condition. Steyn (2008) stated that the project managing director is the bonding medium holding the project together. The project jitneys influence the achievement the project, either success or let out. Project Manager should cooperate closely with the stakeholders, especially the sponsor and project team to meet the expectation of the project. The Project omnibus is the person ultimately responsible for the success or failure of the project (Heerkens, 2002). The project director can be called as team leader in a group. Project managers often are considered the direct lead component essential to proje ct success. The project manager is the element of project success in the company or organization. The project manager is responsible for managing the projects scope, project schedule, and project cost to support the client or customer expectations for the successful completion of the project.The success or failure of a project is influenced by the project managers appointment. Petty (2009) indicates the projects managers has the capability to assign between the organization which able to perform and serve the project. It is a critical factor of project success in the organization. The work of project manager does vary from project to project. The Project manager is responsible for scoping out the work, planning it and determining what resources are required, get the resources allocated, and then managing the completion of the task required and ensuring any problems that whitethorn cause the completion of the tasks to be delayed. A project manager works according to project managem ent approach. A project manager is the person responsible for leading a project from its initiation to complete. This includes planning, execution and managing the people, resources and goals of the project.Project Management, it is important to have project manager which is acting as manager. 97% of successful projects was led by qualified project managers which is who can often help to affect success factors (Schwalbe, 2006). As project manager, they can have many transmission line description establish on the organization and withal based on the project. Although it is based on the organization and the project, there are similar tasks that project manager perform. There are several job categories for project manager which includesProject Manager for a Consulting firmProject Manager should plans, schedule, and controls activities to fulfill the objectives of the project by applying technical, theoretical and managerial skills. Those skills are to meet the project requirements. a side from that, the project manager should coordinate and integrates team and build a good relationship with the clients and associates to make undisputable the project is successful. education Technology Project Manager for a financial services firmProject Manager should manage, prioritizes, develops, and implement information engine room solutions to meet business needs. For example, project manager prepares and executes project plans exploitation project management software package in accordance with the standards. It is vital to have plans which are built a Gantt chart in order to make sure the project could finish at the specific time.Information technology project Manager for a nonprofit consulting firm.The project manager responsibilities include business analysis, project requirement gathering and project planning, budget estimating, project development, project testing, project implementation, and many more. For nonprofit consulting firm, project manager should work wit h various resource providers to watch the development or project completed on specific times, high quality and cost effective for the project.Project Manager Roles are very important and more challenging other than the typical functional manager. Project Manager. The project manager roles are a success factor for project management in organizing. Project Manager is an individual that in arouse of developing, in conjunction with the Project Sponsor. The Project Manager then makes sure that the project is delivered on time, within the budget and to the specific quality standard. Project Manager also ensures that the project is effectively resourced and manages relationships with a large-minded range of groups including all the project stakeholders. The Project Manager is also responsible for managing the work of consultants, allocate and implement all the project resources in a professional manner and maintaining a cooperative, motivated and successful team. Project managers are p rofessed to be leading a various set of people with direct control over the team members (Baker, Murphy Fisher, 2008). A number of roles are identified for the project manager much(prenominal) as planned all the activities, tasks, schedules and budgets. Other than that, he or she is organizing, selecting and placing the project team. The project manager is leading the project team and control all the activities and schedules. Besides that, the project manager also is able to select and develop a project team and give a motivation to the team members. Apart from that, the project manager also should always communicate with the project team and all stakeholders. The project manager also is the person who able to solve the problem, make a decision. A project managers responsibilities include overall management The project manager plays their role from the beginning of the project until the end of the project. Below is the roles should be required of a project manager.ManagerProject M anager essential oversee and manages the work and the employeesFacilitatorProject Manager must ensure that all resources are available when its needed as well can solve any problems.CommunicatorProject Manager must effectively communicate with top management, customer, project team, and the other stakeholders. The project manager must frequently communicate with the stakeholders in order to manage the works and all the work can be done by all the participants in the project.PoliticianProject Manager must act as a politician, which is able to influence the people and able to make a decision. Project Manager should know how to get things done, how to operate with the system, how to get people to collaborate and how to influence the peopleNegotiatorProject Manager must act as negotiator which able hash outs with the stakeholders. The Negotiator is the skilled at getting what is needed for the project to be successful. For example, a Project Manager negotiates with senior management f or more resources, negotiate with functional managers to get a particular project team member or to use a functional resource, negotiate with vendors for shorter lead time, negotiate with clients about project goal changes and others.Project Manager also has responsibility in project management as followsDefining the scopePlanning the scope employment and resource planningDeveloping schedules and timescalesCost estimatingBudgetingCompleting documentationRisk analysisRisk managementProgress monitoringTeam ManagementBusiness PartneringScalability and portability analysisQuality controlTo be a good project manager, it is important to possess several skills in order to manage the project in the organization. Project managers need to have a wide variety of skills which can help them to do the scoop up in project management. All the skills that possess by the project manager is determinant of the success of the project in project management. It is to fulfill the responsibilities as the p roject manager. There are several major knowledge and skill categories for project manager. Skills requirement of the project manager divided into quaternion categories (Heerkens, 2002). Below are the four major knowledge and skills categories of the project manager.Project management process skillsProject Management process skills are the knowledge and skills related to the mechanism of project management. The project manager should be knowledgeable about tools, techniques and process technology in project management as well able to apply them in strong situations. For instance, the project manager should know how to develop a complete customer document, build a meshwork diagram, and build a work breakdown structure. With all these skills, the project manager will able to hasten and organize the project plan. Project Manager also can encounter all the problems during the project management activities and will get respect from all the team members and other stakeholder.Interpers onal and demeanoral skillsInterpersonal skills are the tools of people used to interact and communicate with other people in the organization. Interpersonal communication skills has septenary main areas that required by the project manager, including verbal communication skills, nonverbal communication skills, listening skills, duologue skills, problem solving skills, decision making skills and assertiveness. Project Manger skills in dealing with the people are immeasurable valued. Besides the interpersonal skills, project manager also needs to have behavioral skills like personal conduct, mood and approach.Technology management skillsAs we know, most of the project is surrounded with the technology. It is referring to the process areas at the core of the project that used information technology infrastructure. The technology skills required might include software and hardware in order to do the task. The ability of the project manager to coordinate the application of technology is the key success as project manager. It is important to project manager to have adequate knowledge and skills that embedded with the technology. There are several technology management required by project manager such as proficiency in project core technology, proficiency in the supporting technology area, industry knowledge, patent knowledge, design skills, and many more. The project manager should familiar with the technology applied in the project. The project manager must able effective in the use of technology.Desired personal traitsTo be a successful project manager, a personal trait is most important. Personal traits means is the action, attitudes and behavior should project manager have. Possessing personal traits will become a good project manager and be able to performing the duties as a project manager. The desirable traits should possess by project manager such as honesty and has integrity. Other than that, project manager should thinks like a generalist, has high per imeter with other people, and process-oriented, self-aware, open and accessible, politically, and decisive.The managers leadership role is of great importance in make people and creating an effective working environment in order for the project team to encounter greater challenges in todays environment. The characteristics of a project manager to indicate the type of leader and leadership style that the project manager applies during the management of projects. All project managers need to demonstrate leadership skills and managerial skills. Leadership and management are terms often used in managing the organization or company. The project manager must be a leader and manager. A leader focuses on long term objectives and give inspiration to people to achieve the project management the goals in the organization (Schwalbe, 2011). Meanwhile, a manager deals with day-to-day project activities in order to achieve the goals. The leadership skills of project manager are very important to lead the project to success. Leadership can be defined as a style of behavior designed to integrate both the organizational requirements and personal interests in the pursuit of some objectives. Managers hold a leadership responsibility. Project managers are often selected or not selected because of their leadership styles (Kerzner, 2001). The leadership role is crucial to facilitating various project success factors that contribute to project execution. According to Anantatmula (2010), the project managers leadership roles and responsibilities influence the project deliverables and the project performance. Besides that People skills are essential when a project manager become. People skills are leadership circles of leaders that are encouraged to share the vision and team members are encouraged to be service oriented. The leader also has good relationships with customers or vendors. Barnard (1938) suggested the functions of a leader are needed to have both managerial and emotional functions. Managerial and emotional functions are called as cognitive and cathectic. Cognitive functions are managerial functions which involve directing, guiding the people, and constraining choices and actions, meanwhile cathectic functions are emotional functions which include motivational as well emotional aspects towards the objectives of the project and increasing trust and perpetration to a larger moral purpose. Leadership and People skills are very important for a project manager to manage the project in the organization from the beginning until the end. All the skills are crucial in order to facilitate the project and make sure the project run smoothly within the time, scope and the cost.The project manager that is trusted by the team and gets the team to work together will communicate successfully. Project team members need to collaborate, share, collaborate and integrate information and knowledge to meet project objectives. A project manager does not communicate with lan guage only, but also with character, which includes attitude, behavior and personality. Project manager with characteristics will allow team members to take responsibility for their work, developing trust, collaboration and teamwork and sharing the vision will apply during the execution of a project. Besides acting as manager, project manager also act as a facilitator and also as a communicator. He or she must ensure that all resources and work are available when needed and that any problems are resolved. The project manager also must effectively communicate with top management, customer, project team, and other participants in project management. Other than that, the project manager should act as a politician and also negotiator. When they act as a politician, the project manager able to influence the others and have a great influence in decision making. It is important for a project manager to be a negotiator because they need to negotiate with all the stakeholders in managing all the process in the project management activities.The factor which may cause the project management to fail is by assigning the wrong person as project manager. Responsibilities of a Project Manager are to ensure successful completion of a project within a specific time and within the budget allocation. However, it involves many other stages in project management. Project manager plays a key role in helping projects and organization success. The project manager must perform a variety of job duties and have many skills. It is to develop skills in project management, general management, and also their application area such as in the information technology area. To be a successful project manager, they must commission about everything and responsible in broad areas including for a project, company, project team members and also the project manager itself. To be a successful project manager, it should be somebody who consistently completes the project and meet the organization goals an d also project management goals. The project must getting deliverables completed and handed over. When the project is completed, it can see the business profit increasing and leaves the customer with smiles on their faces. In the nutshell, it can be said that project manager gives big influence to the project management which involve in all the activities of the project management.1