Human Rights Of Individuals And Amnesty International Criminology Essay

homosexuale Rights Of Individuals And oblivion transnational Criminology Essay valet salutarys be the rudimentary rights of any single(a) disregardless of the feature that the idiosyncratic may be tenacious to any piety, country, and background. Human rights atomic number 18 collective set of rights which an individual enjoys to live. These atomic number 18 rights that apply to all homosexualkind beings. Human rights ensures that the dignity of an individual is protected, volume atomic number 18 given direct within and in other societies. Human rights expresses the idea that all forgivingity beings should be hardened equally and with justice and the moral values should be same and applied on all mankinds.The Human rights atomic number 18 majorly categorize as religious, civil, policy-making, social and economic rights.(a) Civil rights comprises of rights which an individual enjoys as a citizen including right to sprightliness. It includes freedom to live, protecting great deal from discrimination as g obliterateer, religion, immigrant status, period etc. This includes the rights the state provides being a citizen.(b) Political rights comprises of the right to vote, having the right to express and the right to political friendship.(c) Economic and social rights includes the prefatorial rights an individual enjoys, promoting equality in society. It comprises of the right to proper(a) reading, right to a living(a) in a right environment, adequate housing and feed, right to proper wellness facilities and right to social bail. Economic rights includes the right to employment.(d) Cultural rights stimulate the right of a society linked to cultural freedom. The right to civilise out cultural practices, to speak wizards cause mother language and the right to rituals and natal land.The protection of these rights ar essential for the sustainability and survival of gayity. Human rights benefits tidy sum in ways that they can b e protected from any social, juristic and political madness. infraction in the benignant rights means to deny the staple fiber rights of an individual. Violation of kind rights lead to unbalanced society. Human rights ar sheltered by national and international laws.FIVE world(prenominal) CASES ON VIOLATION OF valet de chambre RIGHTSThroughout the course of human history, there cod been many types of colza of human rights. Some typesetters cuttings of impingement of human right laws are given,1. The just about tragic chance of human rights ravishment took place in chinaware where due(p) to hukou household registration system, millions of rural migrants are denied canonic facilities including fosterage for s pick uprren. This distinction is based on the place of residence which has categorized citizens to be eligible for certain socioeconomic benefits. This system corrects the rural from whatsoever socioeconomic facilities as education, health facilities, and better sources of income which their urban dwellers enjoy.2. The failure of the Mexican war machine court system to provide justice in cases involving troops abuses against civils is a a nonher examples of human rights colza. In many much(prenominal) incidents sliders detained civilians, held them captive, tortured and abused them and even applied electric shocks. No investigation are through with(p) on such cases and no action taken by forces against the soldiers problematic in such incidents despite medical proofs of tortures.3. Another example of human right violation is the forced evacuation of Roma Gypsys by the Italian government. In a controversial plan, the Italian government is evacuating unsettled camps which will subject in the destruction of 100 camps, leaving 1,000 people homeless resulting in violation of rights of these peoples.4. In one incident of Human right violation, Iraqi prisoners of war are held by Britain in legal black holes similar to US at Gua ntanamo Bay, without trial for more than pentad years. Two Iraqis Faisal Attiyah Nassar al-Saadoon, 56, and Khalaf Hussain Mufdhi, 58 were accused of execution of British soldiers but two men denied any involvement in the fighting.5. Cases of detention of journalists and scholars in Iran, constricting their right of freedom of vernacular and academic freedom are no-good examples of human rights violations. Two Iranain brothers and physicians Kamiar and Arash Alaei were charged for allegedly communicating with enemy governments because of their participation in global health conferences.AMNESTY INTERNATIONALAmnesty international founded in London In 1961 aims at providing justice and rights to those whos rights have been violated. It aims at protecting the dignity of every individual belong to any society, sociality, religion or country.People worldwide reckon many problems which results in violation or in some cases complete denial of their staple human rights. Amnesty Intern ational works globally by collecting information on issues societies are facing and focuses on reducing the abuses to peoples through drift locally and globally.People in Amnesty International are complicated in many activities worldwide ranging from helping free prisoners, stopping wildness against women and children, settling disputes amid nations, abolishing finish penalties and to free people from the discrimination they face which results in violation of their basic rights. Amnesty International emphasizes the Governments to provide security to their citizens when they face a challenge or harsh condition.MAJOR ROLES AND FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY AMNESTY INTERNATIONALThe main function of Amnesty International is to destroy any kind of human right violation worldwide and work against it. Amnesty International stress that the Governments of every country should work to tolerate its responsibility to protect, respect and promote the human rights of every citizen. by-line are th e major key areas on which Amnesty International works on,1. windup Violence against women People in Amnesty International are involved in campaigns, working against violence against women and girls worldwide. This includes ending all type of violence against women ranging from internal violence and abuse, sexual abuse, torture and discrimination. Enforcement of laws on violence against women and abolishing laws on women discrimination. It overly involves empowering women so that they can protect themselves from the discrimination and work as an active citizen.2. Stopping violence against Children Worldwide children faces many abuses and are denied their basic human right. Children suffer many types of violence ranging from torture to death penalties. Amnesty International aims at protecting the rights of children worldwide providing them education and against imprisonment of children. It is also working towards reducing the discrimination of girls education. Amnesty Internation al works to end the employment of children into armed forces and to reintegrate former child soldiers back into civilian brio.3. Abolish Death Penalty and torture Amnesty International opposes the death penalties, regardless of the point that what the crime is. Death penalty is an inhuman punishment and results in violation of right to live.4. Protecting Rights of Refugees, migrants and Internally displaced persons (IDPs) Millions of people are forced to drop dead their homes and move to stark naked areas as a result of war, indigence and natural disasters. These people move to other areas in their own country or to other countries in search of homes and better well-worn of living. Unfortunately they face many situation which results in violation of their basic human rights. As in case of Iraq where many people have migrated to other places as a result of war, Amnesty International is barter on US, UK and other developed countries for resettlement of these refugees who are in imperative need of shelter, food and medical care.5. Rights of Prisoners of Conscience Amnesty International has been working for Prisoners of Conscience and has succeeded in helping in release of many such prisoners. Prisoners of Conscience are those prisoners who been imprisoned either because of lawful expression of their beliefs or are human rights defenders facing government intimidation, individuals at risk of execution, or those languishing in arbitrary detention.6. Protection of Human dignity To protect human dignity is the main function of Amnesty International. Amnesty International focuses on promoting the respect of every individual belonging to any religion, country, gender or ethnicity. Protecting the moral values of every individual.EXAMPLES OF PEOPLE FREED AFTER INTERNATIONAL PRESSUREThere are many success stories of release of prisoners aft(prenominal) international pressure. Such stories area great hope for the human rights activists. Following are some of th e success stories,1. In 1998, two OCESP members, Rodolfo Montiel and Teodoro Cabrera were arrested by military and were tortured to confess to arms and drugs-related crimes. Amnesty International took up their case and found that they were found guilty on basis of false evidence. issue and international pressure in the case forced President Vicente hold to order their release from prison in 2001.2. On 16th kinfolk 2005, Felipe Arreaga Snchez, environmental activist, founder of the Peasant Environmentalist Organization of the sierra de Petatln was released after(prenominal) international pressure. He was arrested in November 2004, accused of a murder that took place in 1998.3. In February 2009, Ayman Nour was unpredictably released from prison after four years due to International pressure. He was a big(p) political dissident and a one-time presidential candidate.HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION IN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIESThough there have been records of cases and incidents in developed countries but the rate of human rights violence is higher in create countries as compared to developed countries due to many reasons. In developed countries institutions are strong and corruption rate is low. In development countries freedom of speech and human rights is not well appreciated. In some societies major rights are not even considered as human rights in the first place. imputable to lack of resources, unequal distribution of resources, injustice, unemployment and plus in violence the rate of human rights violation is increasing. The increase in war on act of terrorism is also resulting in human rights violations. War its self creates disturbance, depriving people of basic rights, where dismay, mistrust and violence increases in societies.The main reasons resulting in violation of Human Rights in create countries are,1. Discrimination on the basis of ethnicity and casts systems The discrimination through on basis of cast system, ethnicity, family backgroun d results in human rights violation. For example as in India the cast system which has divided the Hindus into different casts, restricts them from adopting a better standard of living. People who belong to lower classes do not have the right to eat and sit between people belonging to high casts.2. Democratic and institutional flunk integrity reason for violation in civil and political rights is because of braggart(a) governance, democratic and institutional weakness in developing countries. Power exists in the hands of few people or in hands of those awarded through heredity. People are not given right to vote right to choose the kind of life they want to live.3. Economic dissymmetry, Lack of resources and unequal distribution of resources Economic instability is major factor in failure of certain developing countries in human rights violations. These societies do not have the means to facilitate their citizens with basic social and economical rights. Another reason for human r ights violation in developing countries is the lack of resources. Inefficiency in allocation of resources such as food and health facilities, housing and other results in violence in society. In this way people are forced to live in bad situations. Unequal distribution of resources creates differences in society where large differences are created between blue and poor.4. In many societies a number of human rights violations are accepted culturally. There are certain practices taking place in these societies which are not considered as violation of human rights. In fact these practices have been part of the culture of the area for such a long time that these practices have become traditions. No one looks at it as violation of human rights. Such as in some societies of the developing countries womens are not given right to vote, girls are denied right to education and practices such as Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) have become traditions in these societies.5. Corruption and violen ce is a major contributing factor in violation of human rights in developing countries. Major threats of human rights set about by these nations is the result of corruption. Violence created as a result of the above factors are depriving humans of their basic needs and resulting in violation their basic rights.ASPECTS OF POVERTY AND HUMAN RIGHTS want is condition in which an individual, a family or society is deprived from basic economic necessities required for living. privation leads to human rights violation. A poor person faces many types of abuses, stress and difficulties. When an individual does not have the right to proper standard of living, proper food, proper health facilities, education, to adequate housing and income, results in violation of human rights. Most of the heterogeneous aspects of poverty can be considered as the denials of ones right to a fair to middling living. Poverty leads to bad standard of living.Everyone has the right to live a life in which all b asic facilities are available. Some aspects of poverty and human rights are given below,1. Poverty and Child push back In developing countries the ratio of child labor is very high due to the fact that in these countries as there is economic instability, discrimination and poverty, families of poor people have to work very hard to earn and compete for a proper living. In such societies children work along with their parents due to which the child gets no education due to which the ration of child labor has change magnitude in the past few years in developing countries.2. Poverty and Women rights Over one million people around the world are living a life of poverty and majority of them are females. Poverty results in discrimination in women rights in many ways. It results in limit point of a womens access to power, education, health facilities, job etc. In some cases it has been seen as there is increase in poverty, the female of the house would limit everything and focus on her family so as to meet their needs. This way the female neglects her own basic rights just for the sake of her family. Increase in domestic and sexual violence is a major factor resulting in women poverty.3. distressing societies face much discrimination Poor societies are treated unfairly which is a major barrier to achieving their human rights. Poor people do not have access to many facilities. In some societies ethnic background and racism leads to poverty. As example of India is coated earlier where due to cast system people face discrimination whereby human rights of an individual or community is violated or completely denied. When people do not have the basic necessities and live a life of poverty, it results in imbalance in society, creating violence and an unsustainable society. Poor communities do not get into in decision making which leads to bad policy making.4. Violence and poverty Violence in poor communities is caused as a result of poverty. When people are denied thei r basic rights (right to food, adequate living, health facilities, employment and freedom), they adopt certain methods which results in violence in society. Discrimination between poor and rich in providing jobs and education creates frustration which results in violence leading to violation of human rights.5. Poverty leads to unsustainable living When individuals in a society or country are not given the basic rights of living leads to an unsustainable living.ASPECTS OF terrorist act AND SECURITY ASPECTS OF HUMAN RIGHTSThe increase in conflicts with nations and the religious conflicts has initiated the increase and worsening of human rights globally.1. Migration Increase in war on terrorism has resulted in migration of thousands of people within their own countries or to other countries. People leave their homes and property in search of a peaceful place to live. firstborn their right to live is deteriorated and secondly the area they migrate to is totally spic-and-span to them . These people face many problems. They live in tents no field of study how harsh the climatic conditions are, they are treated as strangers in the new place, have difficulty in getting employment and are treated as violence creators. There are many examples of such incidents the modern is the Roma Gypsys from Italy.2. Increase in prisoners and abductions Terrorism has increased the abduction of people to places where human rights are totally violated. Disappearance and detention of prisoners and keeping them in jails without cover or fair trial. Human abuse is increasing with the increase in establishment of detention cells and camps like Guantanamo Bay and increase in handing of suspects to be engaged in terrorist activities. Up savings bank now no one knows how many detention cells or camps are present and up till now due to this so called war on terrorism, how many individuals including men, women and children have been detained or killed.3. Security is the basic right of ev ery citizen of a country, which is the debt instrument of the Government and other local agencies. But unfortunately Governments have choose such methods to control terrorism as torture, which are resulting in increase in insecurity of citizens. Killing and incidents of abuse, rape, kidnapping, robbery increases.4. Terrorism creates an environment of distrust, violence, affects human security and dignity, destroys democratic setup of society, creates fear in society, negatively affects the social and economical development of the country, results in violation of human rights and threatens the security of the state.5. One aspect of increase in terrorism and insecurity affecting the human rights is the destruction and disturbance these activities cause. These activities causes mass destruction of public, private and personal buildings. It creates fear in society. The daily routine lives of citizens is badly affected. As in the case of suicide attacks in any country or such acts resu lts in violation of human rights. People do not feel safe and decrease their outdoor activities. Damage to property, shop, office or factory decreases the labor of an individual thus affecting the livelihood and income in an already economically instable country.REFRENCEShttp//www.amnestyusa.org/document.php?id=ENGAMR410382005lang=e.http//www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Security/?id=3.1.108305094http//www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/mar/15/china-migrant-workers-children-educationhttp//www.hrw.org/en/ word of honor/2009/04/29/mexico-hold-military-account-rights-abuseshttp//www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/army-accused-of-human-rights-abuse-in-case-of-iraqis-held-without-trial-for-five-years-847457.htmlhttp//www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/146286.php